This chart shows the wOBA value of batted balls grouped by horizontal and exit velocity. If you hover your mouse over the image, you will see the six batted ball classes I have identified, and if you click a group you will see the stats associated with batted balls in that class.
Dribble Balls
Year |
BIP |
H |
1B |
2B |
3B |
HR |
AVG |
SLG |
BABIP |
wOBA |
All |
134,733 |
16,634 |
15,591 |
1012 |
29 |
2 |
.127 |
.162 |
.123 |
.111 |
2015 |
35,628 |
4,465 |
4,179 |
279 |
5 |
2 |
.130 |
.164 |
.125 |
.114 |
2016 |
33,550 |
4,088 |
3,852 |
228 |
8 |
0 |
.126 |
.160 |
.122 |
.110 |
2017 |
34,146 |
4,321 |
4,023 |
292 |
6 |
0 |
.130 |
.166 |
.126 |
.114 |
2018 |
31,409 |
3,764 |
3,539 |
215 |
10 |
0 |
.127 |
.159 |
.120 |
.108 |
Dribble balls consist of weakly hit ground balls, and bloops that rarely leave the infield. They typically have low exit velocity and/or extremely low launch angles. These batted balls are reasonably prevalent, consisting of about 25% of all batted balls, but have limited value given their extremely low extra base hit rate and low batting average. This stat may be represented as a fraction of total Balls In Play (DB%).
Year |
Avg Exit Velocity |
Avg Angle |
% of BIP |
All |
73.6 |
-19.3 |
26.3% |
2015 |
75.1 |
-19.7 |
26.9% |
2016 |
75.4 |
-20.6 |
25.7% |
2017 |
72.5 |
-20.4 |
26.4% |
2018 |
75.8 |
-20.7 |
24.6% |
Ground Balls
Year |
BIP |
H |
1B |
2B |
3B |
HR |
AVG |
SLG |
BABIP |
wOBA |
All |
102,956 |
37,555 |
34,090 |
3,227 |
236 |
2 |
.365 |
.423 |
.365 |
.334 |
2015 |
27,171 |
10,080 |
9,188 |
829 |
61 |
2 |
.371 |
.428 |
.371 |
.340 |
2016 |
26,319 |
9,627 |
8,776 |
805 |
46 |
0 |
.366 |
.421 |
.366 |
.333 |
2017 |
24,423 |
9,050 |
8,226 |
767 |
57 |
0 |
.371 |
.428 |
.371 |
.338 |
2018 |
25,043 |
8,798 |
7,900 |
826 |
72 |
0 |
.351 |
.412 |
.351 |
.323 |
Ground Balls fall somewhere between Dribble Balls and Low Drives, both in terms of exit velocity and launch angle and in terms of value. These are a common class of batted ball, composing about 20% of all batted balls, and they are largely composed of sharply hit balls on the ground, but some of them may be softer hit bloops that just barely clear the infielder's reach. They rarely result in extra base hits, except when hit down the line and into the corner. This stat may be represented as a fraction of total Balls In Play (GB%).
Year |
Avg Exit Velocity |
Avg Angle |
% of BIP |
All |
92.3 |
-0.7 |
19.8% |
2015 |
92.4 |
-1.0 |
20.5% |
2016 |
92.6 |
-0.9 |
20.2% |
2017 |
91.8 |
-0.2 |
18.9% |
2018 |
93.3 |
-1.0 |
19.3% |
Low Drives
Year |
BIP |
H |
1B |
2B |
3B |
HR |
AVG |
SLG |
BABIP |
wOBA |
All |
86,785 |
65,990 |
52,918 |
11,983 |
1,075 |
14 |
.763 |
.931 |
.760 |
.728 |
2015 |
22,160 |
16,765 |
13,349 |
3,121 |
291 |
4 |
.760 |
.932 |
.756 |
.729 |
2016 |
21,845 |
16,562 |
13,350 |
2,923 |
288 |
1 |
.761 |
.926 |
.758 |
.724 |
2017 |
21,547 |
16,441 |
13,119 |
3,085 |
232 |
5 |
.766 |
.935 |
.763 |
.728 |
2018 |
21,233 |
16,222 |
13,100 |
2,854 |
264 |
4 |
.766 |
.930 |
.764 |
.731 |
Low Drives have very high success rates and overall value, but are largely composed of singles as opposed to extra base hits. Low Drives can have low exit velocity and higher launch angle, or a higher exit velocity and a lower launch angle. Just about 17% of batted balls fall into this class, but this number may not be stable or predictive for any given batter. In essence, this is a class of batted ball that embodies the "BABIP is luck" aspect of DIPS theory. Batters with high or low LD% will likely regress towards the mean. This stat may be represented as a fraction of total Balls In Play (LD%).
Year |
Avg Exit Velocity |
Avg Angle |
% of BIP |
All |
94.0 |
12.8 |
16.7% |
2015 |
94.0 |
12.9 |
16.7% |
2016 |
94.0 |
12.9 |
16.7% |
2017 |
93.9 |
12.9 |
16.7% |
2018 |
94.8 |
12.7 |
16.5% |
High Drives
Year |
BIP |
H |
1B |
2B |
3B |
HR |
AVG |
SLG |
BABIP |
wOBA |
All |
51,770 |
34,948 |
1,501 |
11,761 |
1,421 |
20,265 |
.685 |
2.164 |
.284 |
1.142 |
2015 |
11901 |
7958 |
309 |
2758 |
395 |
4496 |
.677 |
2.128 |
.291 |
1.147 |
2016 |
13016 |
8934 |
382 |
3052 |
372 |
5128 |
.697 |
2.194 |
.292 |
1.156 |
2017 |
13078 |
9162 |
392 |
2901 |
322 |
5547 |
.710 |
2.276 |
.276 |
1.178 |
2018 |
13,775 |
8,894 |
418 |
3,050 |
332 |
5,094 |
.656 |
2.059 |
.276 |
1.092 |
High Drives are the highest quality batted balls. They only represent about 10% of batted balls, but 90% home runs and 34% of doubles. High Drives should be seen as a measure of power, and give good insight on the raw skill of a batter. The number of High Drives is largely driven by exit velocity, but it is constrained by the launch angles most likely to produce high value batted balls. Increases of batted balls in this class represent either an increase in these ideal launch angles, an increase in exit velocity, or both. This stat may be represented as a fraction of total Balls In Play (HD%).
Year |
Avg Exit Velocity |
Avg Angle |
% of BIP |
All |
102.5 |
24.7 |
9.8% |
2015 |
102.2 |
24.7 |
9.0% |
2016 |
102.5 |
24.8 |
10.0% |
2017 |
102.5 |
24.8 |
10.1% |
2018 |
103.3 |
24.9 |
11.6% |
Fly Balls
Year |
BIP |
H |
1B |
2B |
3B |
HR |
AVG |
SLG |
BABIP |
wOBA |
All |
53,204 |
12,620 |
5,273 |
4,578 |
600 |
2,169 |
.245 |
.487 |
.196 |
.294 |
2015 |
13,345 |
2,944 |
1,168 |
1,133 |
166 |
477 |
.229 |
.456 |
.185 |
.277 |
2016 |
13,157 |
3,132 |
1,340 |
1,120 |
145 |
527 |
.246 |
.484 |
.198 |
.293 |
2017 |
13,289 |
3,264 |
1,298 |
1,186 |
147 |
633 |
.254 |
.520 |
.198 |
.307 |
2018 |
13,413 |
3,280 |
1,467 |
1,139 |
142 |
532 |
.253 |
.489 |
.205 |
.299 |
Fly Balls represent batted balls that are close to having high value, but don't quite hit the mark, either due to exit velocity being a tough too low or launch angle being a touch too high. When pulled down the lines, these batted balls can supply solid value, but when hit towards the middle third of the field they will often turn into easy outs. About 10% of batted balls fall into this class. This stat may be represented as a fraction of total Balls In Play (FB%).
Year |
Avg Exit Velocity |
Avg Angle |
% of BIP |
All |
88.9 |
29.4 |
10.1% |
2015 |
88.9 |
29.0 |
10.1% |
2016 |
88.9 |
29.2 |
10.1% |
2017 |
88.9 |
29.4 |
10.3% |
2018 |
89.3 |
29.9 |
10.2% |
Pop Ups
Year |
BIP |
H |
1B |
2B |
3B |
HR |
AVG |
SLG |
BABIP |
wOBA |
All |
90,712 |
1,997 |
790 |
990 |
126 |
91 |
.023 |
.042 |
.021 |
.025 |
2015 |
22,118 |
457 |
188 |
222 |
27 |
20 |
.021 |
.039 |
.020 |
.024 |
2016 |
22,678 |
459 |
184 |
225 |
24 |
26 |
.021 |
.039 |
.019 |
.023 |
2017 |
22,901 |
540 |
200 |
273 |
43 |
24 |
.024 |
.047 |
.023 |
.027 |
2018 |
23,015 |
541 |
218 |
270 |
32 |
21 |
.024 |
.044 |
.023 |
.027 |
Pop Ups represent the weakest class of batted balls. These are balls that either lack the exit velocity to enter the High Drive section, and thus fall into the "dead zone", or they have launch angles that exceed the acceptable range for batted balls. About 17% of batted balls fall into this class. This stat may be represented as a fraction of total Balls In Play (PU%).
Year |
Avg Exit Velocity |
Avg Angle |
% of BIP |
All |
84.6 |
46.2 |
17.3% |
2015 |
83.8 |
49.6 |
16.7% |
2016 |
83.9 |
50.4 |
17.4% |
2017 |
84.0 |
50.2 |
17.7% |
2018 |
84.1 |
50.6 |
17.8% |